Taxonomy: Use `get_term_link()` instead of `get_category_link()` in `get_term_parents_list()`.

`get_category_link()` is a wrapper for `get_term_link()`. Using the
unwrapped function makes more sense semantically (it's taxonomy-
agnostic) and it's also more parsimonious (the `WP_Error` check in
`get_category_link()` is redundant with similar checks just before
in `get_term_link()`).

Props keesiemeijer.
Fixes #17069.
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