Block Editor: Update the Core Block Patterns.

Backport the latest block patterns from the Gutenberg plugin.
The new patterns adapt properly to Core themes.

Props nrqsnchz.
Fixes #50550, #50594.

Built from https://develop.svn.wordpress.org/trunk@48639


git-svn-id: https://core.svn.wordpress.org/trunk@48401 1a063a9b-81f0-0310-95a4-ce76da25c4cd