Comments: Fix placement of the `wp_update_comment_data` filter to safeguard...

Comments: Fix placement of the `wp_update_comment_data` filter to safeguard filtered data from triggering a database error.

Introduced in [38674], the `wp_update_comment_data` filter took place after the `$data` was sliced and prepared for the database update statement. The location of the filter assumed the result of anyone applying it would not change the data type or make structural modifications or additions to the $data array. 😅

This moves the `wp_update_comment_data` filter to take place before the `$data` is sliced and prepared for the database update statement.

Props dshanske for initial patch.

Fixes #39380.

Built from https://develop.svn.wordpress.org/trunk@39640


git-svn-id: https://core.svn.wordpress.org/trunk@39580 1a063a9b-81f0-0310-95a4-ce76da25c4cd