docker.py

#  Copyright 2021  Dominik Sekotill <dom.sekotill@kodo.org.uk>
#
#  This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
#  License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
#  file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

"""
Commands for managing Docker for fixtures
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import codecs
import ipaddress
import json
import logging
from contextlib import contextmanager
from os import PathLike
from os import fspath
from pathlib import Path
from secrets import token_hex
from subprocess import DEVNULL
from subprocess import PIPE
from subprocess import CalledProcessError
from subprocess import CompletedProcess
from subprocess import Popen
from subprocess import run
from types import TracebackType
from typing import IO
from typing import Any
from typing import Iterable
from typing import Iterator
from typing import Literal
from typing import SupportsBytes
from typing import Tuple
from typing import TypeVar
from typing import Union
from typing import cast
from typing import overload

from .binaries import DownloadableDocker
from .json import JSONArray
from .json import JSONObject
from .proc import Argument
from .proc import Arguments
from .proc import Deserialiser
from .proc import Environ
from .proc import MutableArguments
from .proc import coerce_args
from .proc import exec_io

MountPath = Union[PathLike[bytes], PathLike[str]]
HostMount = tuple[MountPath, MountPath]
NamedMount = tuple[str, MountPath]
Mount = Union[HostMount, NamedMount, MountPath]
Volumes = Iterable[Mount]


try:
	run([b"docker", b"version"], stdout=DEVNULL)
except FileNotFoundError:
	DOCKER: Argument = DownloadableDocker().get_binary()
else:
	DOCKER = b"docker"


def utf8_decode(buffer: bytes) -> str:
	"""
	Return a decoded string from a bytes-like sequence of bytes
	"""
	return codecs.getdecoder("utf-8")(buffer)[0]


def docker(*args: Argument, **env: str) -> None:
	"""
	Run a Docker command, with output going to stdout
	"""
	run([DOCKER, *args], env=env, check=True)


def docker_output(*args: Argument, **env: str) -> str:
	"""
	Run a Docker command, capturing and returning its stdout
	"""
	proc = run([DOCKER, *args], env=env, check=True, stdout=PIPE, text=True)
	return proc.stdout.strip()


def docker_quiet(*args: Argument, **env: str) -> None:
	"""
	Run a Docker command, directing its stdout to /dev/null
	"""
	run([DOCKER, *args], env=env, check=True, stdout=DEVNULL)


class IPv4Address(ipaddress.IPv4Address):
	"""
	Subclass of IPv4Address that handle's docker idiosyncratic tendency to add a mask suffix
	"""

	T = TypeVar("T", bound="IPv4Address")

	@classmethod
	def with_suffix(cls: type[T], address: str) -> T:
		"""
		Construct an instance with a suffixed bitmask size
		"""
		address, *_ = address.partition("/")
		return cls(address)


class Item:
	"""
	A mix-in for Docker items that can be inspected
	"""

	def __init__(self, ident: str):
		self._id = ident

	def get_id(self) -> str:
		"""
		Return an identifier for the Docker item
		"""
		return self._id

	def inspect(self) -> JSONObject:
		"""
		Get the result of inspecting the Docker item
		"""
		with Popen([DOCKER, 'inspect', self.get_id()], stdout=PIPE) as proc:
			assert proc.stdout is not None
			results = json.load(proc.stdout)
		assert isinstance(results, list)
		assert len(results) == 1 and isinstance(results[0], dict)
		return JSONObject(results[0])


class Image(Item):
	"""
	Docker image items
	"""

	T = TypeVar('T', bound='Image')

	def __init__(self, iid: str):
		self.iid = iid

	@classmethod
	def build(cls: type[T], context: Path, target: str = "", **build_args: str|None) -> T:
		"""
		Build an image from the given context

		Build arguments are ignored if they are None to make it easier to supply (or not)
		arguments from external lookups without complex argument composing.
		"""
		cmd: Arguments = [
			b"build", context, f"--target={target}",
			*(f"--build-arg={arg}={val}" for arg, val in build_args.items() if val is not None),
		]
		docker(*cmd, DOCKER_BUILDKIT='1')
		iid = docker_output(*cmd, '-q', DOCKER_BUILDKIT='1')
		return cls(iid)

	@classmethod
	def pull(cls: type[T], repository: str) -> T:
		"""
		Pull an image from a registry
		"""
		docker(b"pull", repository)
		iid = Item(repository).inspect().path('$.Id', str)
		return cls(iid)

	def get_id(self) -> str:
		"""
		Return an identifier for the Docker Image
		"""
		return self.iid


class Container(Item):
	"""
	Docker container items

	Instances can be used as context managers that ensure the container is stopped on
	exiting the context.
	"""

	DEFAULT_ALIASES = tuple[str]()

	def __init__(
		self,
		image: Image,
		cmd: Arguments = [],
		volumes: Volumes = [],
		env: Environ = {},
		network: Network|None = None,
		entrypoint: HostMount|Argument|None = None,
		privileged: bool = False,
	):
		if isinstance(entrypoint, tuple):
			volumes = [*volumes, entrypoint]
			entrypoint = entrypoint[1]

		self.image = image
		self.cmd = cmd
		self.volumes = volumes
		self.env = env
		self.entrypoint = entrypoint
		self.privileged = privileged
		self.networks = dict[Network, Tuple[str, ...]]()
		self.cid: str|None = None

		if network:
			self.connect(network, *self.DEFAULT_ALIASES)

	def __enter__(self) -> Container:
		return self

	def __exit__(self, etype: type[BaseException], exc: BaseException, tb: TracebackType) -> None:
		if self.cid and exc:
			self.show_logs()
		self.stop(rm=True)

	@contextmanager
	def started(self) -> Iterator[Container]:
		"""
		Return a context manager that ensures the container is started when the context is entered
		"""
		with self:
			self.start()
			yield self

	def is_running(self, raise_on_exit: bool = False) -> bool:
		"""
		Return whether the container is running
		"""
		if self.cid is None:
			return False
		details = self.inspect()
		if details.path('$.State.Status', str) == 'exited':
			code = details.path('$.State.ExitCode', int)
			if code != 0:
				logging.getLogger(__name__).warning(
					f"container {self.cid} exited ({code})",
				)
			if raise_on_exit:
				cmd = details.path("$.Config.Entrypoint", list[str])
				cmd.extend(details.path("$.Config.Cmd", list[str]))
				raise CalledProcessError(code, cmd)
		return (
			self.cid is not None
			and details.path('$.State.Running', bool)
		)

	def get_id(self) -> str:
		"""
		Return an identifier for the Docker Container
		"""
		if self.cid is not None:
			return self.cid

		opts: MutableArguments = [
			b"--network=none",
			*(f"--env={name}={val}" for name, val in self.env.items()),
		]

		for vol in self.volumes:
			if isinstance(vol, tuple):
				src = fspath(vol[0])
				dst = fspath(vol[1])
				if isinstance(src, bytes):
					src = src.decode()
				if isinstance(dst, bytes):
					dst = dst.decode()
				arg: Argument = f"{src}:{dst}"
			else:
				arg = vol
			opts.extend((b"--volume", arg))

		if self.entrypoint:
			opts.extend((b"--entrypoint", self.entrypoint))

		if self.privileged:
			opts.append(b"--privileged")

		self.cid = docker_output(b"container", b"create", *opts, self.image.iid, *self.cmd)
		assert self.cid

		# Disconnect the "none" network specified as the starting network
		docker_quiet(b"network", b"disconnect", b"none", self.cid)

		return self.cid

	def start(self) -> None:
		"""
		Start the container
		"""
		if self.is_running():
			return
		docker_quiet(b"container", b"start", self.get_id())

	def stop(self, rm: bool = False) -> None:
		"""
		Stop the container
		"""
		if self.cid is None:
			return
		try:
			if self.is_running():
				docker_quiet(b"container", b"stop", self.cid)
		finally:
			if rm:
				docker_quiet(b"container", b"rm", self.cid)
				self.cid = None

	def connect(
		self,
		network: Network,
		*aliases: str,
		address: ipaddress.IPv4Address|ipaddress.IPv6Address|None = None,
	) -> None:
		"""
		Connect the container to a Docker network

		Any aliases supplied will be resolvable to the container by other containers on the
		network.
		"""
		cid = self.get_id()
		opts = [f'--alias={a}' for a in aliases]

		if address is None:
			address = network.get_free_address()
		opts.append(
			f"--ip={address}" if isinstance(address, ipaddress.IPv4Address) else
			f"--ip6={address}",
		)

		if network in self.networks:
			if self.networks[network] == aliases:
				return
			docker(b"network", b"disconnect", str(network), cid)
		docker(b"network", b"connect", *opts, str(network), cid)
		self.networks[network] = aliases

	def show_logs(self) -> None:
		"""
		Print the container logs to stdout
		"""
		if self.cid:
			docker(b"logs", self.cid)

	def get_exec_args(self, cmd: Arguments, interactive: bool = False) -> MutableArguments:
		"""
		Return a full argument list for running "cmd" inside the container
		"""
		return [DOCKER, b"exec", *((b"-i",) if interactive else []), self.get_id(), *cmd]

	def run(
		self,
		cmd: Arguments,
		*,
		stdin: IO[Any]|int|None = None,
		stdout: IO[Any]|int|None = None,
		stderr: IO[Any]|int|None = None,
		capture_output: bool = False,
		check: bool = False,
		input: bytes|None = None,
		timeout: float|None = None,
	) -> CompletedProcess[bytes]:
		"""
		Run "cmd" to completion inside the container and return the result
		"""
		return run(
			self.get_exec_args(cmd),
			stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr,
			capture_output=capture_output,
			check=check, timeout=timeout, input=input,
		)

	def exec(
		self,
		cmd: Arguments,
		*,
		stdin: IO[Any]|int|None = None,
		stdout: IO[Any]|int|None = None,
		stderr: IO[Any]|int|None = None,
	) -> Popen[bytes]:
		"""
		Execute "cmd" inside the container and return a process object once started
		"""
		return Popen(
			self.get_exec_args(cmd),
			stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr,
		)


class Network(Item):
	"""
	A Docker network
	"""

	DOCKER_SUBNET = ipaddress.IPv4Network("172.16.0.0/12")

	def __init__(self, name: str|None = None) -> None:
		self._name = name or f"br{token_hex(6)}"
		self._nid: str|None = None

	def __str__(self) -> str:
		return self._name

	def __repr__(self) -> str:
		cls = type(self)
		return f"<{cls.__module__}.{cls.__name__} {self._name}>"

	def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
		if not isinstance(other, Network):
			return self._name == str(other)
		return self._name == other._name

	def __hash__(self) -> int:
		return self._name.__hash__()

	def __enter__(self) -> Network:
		self.create()
		return self

	def __exit__(self, etype: type[BaseException], exc: BaseException, tb: TracebackType) -> None:
		self.destroy()

	@property
	def name(self) -> str:
		"""
		Return the name of the Docker network
		"""
		return self._name

	def get_id(self) -> str:
		"""
		Return an identifier for the Docker Network
		"""
		if self._nid is None:
			self.create()
		assert self._nid is not None
		return self._nid

	def create(self) -> None:
		"""
		Create the network
		"""
		subnet = self.get_free_subnet()
		gateway = next(subnet.hosts())
		try:
			self._nid = docker_output(
				b"network", b"create", self._name,
				f"--subnet={subnet}", f"--gateway={gateway}",
			)
		except CalledProcessError:
			data = exec_io(
				[DOCKER, b"network", b"inspect", self._name],
				deserialiser=JSONArray.from_string,
			)
			if len(data) == 0:
				raise
			self._nid = data.path("$[0].Id", str)
		assert self._nid is not None

	def destroy(self) -> None:
		"""
		Remove the network
		"""
		if self._nid:
			docker_quiet(b"network", b"rm", self._nid)

	@classmethod
	def get_free_subnet(cls) -> ipaddress.IPv4Network:
		"""
		Return a free private subnet
		"""
		networks = exec_io(
			[DOCKER, b"network", b"ls", b"--format={{.ID}}"],
			deserialiser=utf8_decode,
		).splitlines()
		subnets = exec_io(
			[DOCKER, b"network", b"inspect"] + cast(list[Argument], networks),
			deserialiser=JSONArray.from_string,
		).path(
			"$[*].IPAM.Config[*].Subnet", list[str],
			lambda subnets: {ipaddress.ip_network(net) for net in subnets},
		)
		for subnet in cls.DOCKER_SUBNET.subnets(8):
			if not any(net.overlaps(subnet) for net in subnets):
				return subnet
		raise LookupError(f"No free subnets found in subnet {cls.DOCKER_SUBNET}")

	def get_free_address(self) -> ipaddress.IPv4Address:
		"""
		Return a free address in the network

		Note that the address is not reserved; any changes made to the network such as
		adding a container may invalidate the assurance that the address is free.
		"""
		# TODO: support IPv6
		data = self.inspect()
		# Considering only the first listed subnet
		net = data.path("$.IPAM.Config[0].Subnet", str, ipaddress.IPv4Network)
		reserved = data.path(
			"$.Containers.*.IPv4Address", list[str],
			lambda addrs: {IPv4Address.with_suffix(a) for a in addrs},
		)
		reserved.add(data.path("$.IPAM.Config[0].Gateway", str, IPv4Address))
		for addr in net.hosts():
			if addr not in reserved:
				return addr
		raise LookupError(f"No free addresses found in subnet {net}")


class Cli:
	"""
	Manage calling executables in a container

	Any arguments passed to the constructor will prefix the arguments passed when the object
	is called.
	"""

	T = TypeVar("T")

	def __init__(self, container: Container, *cmd: Argument):
		self.container = container
		self.cmd = cmd

	@overload
	def __call__(
		self,
		*args: Argument,
		input: str|bytes|SupportsBytes|None = ...,
		deserialiser: Deserialiser[T],
		query: Literal[False] = False,
		**kwargs: Any,
	) -> T: ...

	@overload
	def __call__(
		self,
		*args: Argument,
		input: str|bytes|SupportsBytes|None = ...,
		deserialiser: None = None,
		query: Literal[True],
		**kwargs: Any,
	) -> int: ...

	@overload
	def __call__(
		self,
		*args: Argument,
		input: str|bytes|SupportsBytes|None = ...,
		deserialiser: None = None,
		query: Literal[False] = False,
		**kwargs: Any,
	) -> None: ...

	def __call__(
		self,
		*args: Argument,
		input: str|bytes|SupportsBytes|None = None,
		deserialiser: Deserialiser[Any]|None = None,
		query: bool = False,
		**kwargs: Any,
	) -> Any:
		"""
		Run the container executable with the given arguments

		Input:
			Any bytes passed as "input" will be fed into the process' stdin pipe.

		Output:
			If "deserialiser" is provided it will be called with a memoryview of a buffer
			containing any bytes from the process' stdout; whatever is returned by
			"deserialiser" will be returned.

			If "query" is true the return code of the process will be returned.

			Otherwise nothing is returned.

			Note that "deserialiser" and "query" are mutually exclusive; if debugging is
			enabled an AssertionError will be raised if both are non-None/non-False, otherwise
			"query" is ignored.

		Errors:
			If "query" is not true any non-zero return code will cause CalledProcessError to
			be raised.
		"""
		# deserialiser = kwargs.pop('deserialiser', None)
		assert not deserialiser or not query

		data = (
			b"" if input is None else
			input.encode() if isinstance(input, str) else
			bytes(input)
		)
		cmd = self.container.get_exec_args([*self.cmd, *args], interactive=bool(data))

		if deserialiser:
			return exec_io(cmd, data=data, deserialiser=deserialiser, **kwargs)

		rcode = exec_io(cmd, data=data, **kwargs)
		if query:
			return rcode
		if not isinstance(rcode, int):
			raise TypeError(f"got rcode {rcode!r}")
		if 0 != rcode:
			raise CalledProcessError(rcode, ' '.join(coerce_args(cmd)))
		return None